取引されたことの無い方のため、簡単に説明します。
差金決済とは、売買の際に全額のやりとりをせずに売買の結果として発生した差額のみをやり取りする方法です。
CFDは、証拠金取引でもあるため、一定の金額を担保として預けレバレッジを効かせた取引が可能ということです。
一般的な売買の場合は、売買が成立すると、現物の受け渡しが行われ、対価の支払いが行われ、その後、買主は現物保有を続けることも処分することも自由に決めることができます。
一方、CFD取引の場合は、売買差益を得ることを目的とした取引であり、将来、反対売買を行い、決済することを前提としています。このため、売買を行いますが、現物の受け渡しや対価の支払いは行われません。
その代わりにCFD取引では、取引開始時に取引金額に応じた証拠金を差し入れて取引を行います。その後、反対売買を行い、取引が終了した時点で発生した損益のみの受け渡しを行います。これが、差金決済取引です。
また、CFD取引は現物の受け渡しを行わない差金決済取引であるため、一般的な売買のように買いから始める取引だけでなく、値下がりを予想して、先に売りから入り、価格が下がった後に買い戻して利益を狙うという取引を行うことも可能です。
また、多くの銘柄が、平日であればほぼ24時間取引することができます。このため、相場にインパクトのある出来事が起きた場合でも、素早く相場の変化に対応することができます。
では、実際のCFD取引を例にとって、差金決済を学んでみましょう。
例えば、株式投資にてA社の個別株を1000円で1000株購入したとします。
このとき、株式投資に必要な約定代金は100万円です。
そして、株価が1100円に上昇したところで売却したとすると、約定代金は110万円となり10万円の利益が発生します。
この取引では、最初に100万円の資金が必要でした。
一方、CFDは最初に100万円を用意する必要はなく、各CFD取扱い業者が定める証拠金の額さえ用意できれば取引を開始できます。
どれだけの証拠金を用意すればいいかは各銘柄のリスクレベルに応じて異なりますが、個別株の多くは10%の証拠金があれば取引が可能で、10万円の資金で100万円相当の株取引ができるというわけです。
仮に30万円の証拠金を預けて、先ほどと同様にA社の株を1000株、CFDで売買した場合、株価が1000円から1100円に上昇したのですから、その差金である10万円がもらえます。
結果として、現物取引もCFDも同じ10万円の利益なのですが、最初に用意する資金が小額ですむCFDは、資金効率に優れていると言えます。
今まで資金的な都合から株式投資を避けていた方にとって、CFDの仕組みは特に便利かも知れません。
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